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Jericho is a general designation given to the Israeli ballistic missiles. The name is taken from the first development contract for the Jericho I signed between Israel and Dassault in 1963, with the codename as a reference to the Biblical city of Jericho. As is true for most Israeli unconventional weapons systems, exact details are highly classified though there is observed test data, public statements by government officials, and details in open literature especially about the Shavit satellite launch vehicle. The later Jericho family development is related to the Shavit and Shavit II space launch vehicles believed to be derivatives of the Jericho II IRBM and which preceded the development of the Jericho III ICBM.〔.〕 Additional insight into the Jericho program is given by the South African series of missiles which the RSA-3 are believed to be licensed copies of the Jericho II/Shavit and the RSA-4 used part of these systems in their stack with a heavy first stage, after the declaration and disarming of the South African nuclear program the RSA series missiles were offered commercially as satellite launch vehicles where the advertised specifications became part of the public knowledge.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RSA-3 )〕 The civilian space launch version of the Jericho, the Shavit has been studied in an air launched version piggybacked on a Boeing 747 similar to a US experimental launch of the Minuteman ICBM from a C-5 Galaxy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Israel Studies Airborne Launch Scheme for Shavit Rocket )〕 ==Jericho I== Jericho I was first publicly identified as an operational short-range ballistic missile system in late 1971. It was long, in diameter, weighing . It had a range of and a CEP of , and it could carry a payload estimated at . It was intended to carry a nuclear warhead. However, due to Israel's ambiguity over its nuclear weapons program, the missile is classified as a ballistic missile. Initial development was in conjunction with France, Dassault provided various missile systems from 1963 and a type designated MD-620 was test fired in 1965. But French co-operation was halted by an arms embargo from January 1968, though 12 missiles had been delivered from France.〔 Work was continued by IAI at the Beit Zachariah facility and the program cost almost $1 billion up to 1980, incorporating some US technology.〔 Despite some initial problems with its guidance systems, it is believed that around 100 missiles of this type were produced. In 1969 Israel agreed with the U.S. that Jericho missiles would not be used as "strategic missiles", with nuclear warheads, until at least 1972. During the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, with the initial surprise breakthroughs on both northern and southern borders by Arab armies, the alarmed Defense Minister Moshe Dayan told Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir that "this is the end of the third temple." He was warning of Israel's impending total defeat, but "Temple" was also the code word for nuclear weapons.〔 Dayan again raised the nuclear topic in a cabinet meeting, warning that the country was approaching a point of "last resort".〔Cohen, Avner. "(The Last Nuclear Moment )" ''The New York Times'', October 6, 2003.〕 That night Meir authorized the assembly of thirteen nuclear weapon 'physics packages' to arm Jericho I missiles at Sdot Micha Airbase, and F-4 aircraft at Tel Nof Airbase, for use against Syrian and Egyptian targets.〔 They would be used if absolutely necessary to prevent total defeat, but the preparation was done in an easily detectable way, likely as a signal to the United States.〔 Kissinger learned of the nuclear alert on the morning of October 9. That day, in keeping with his deal and warning which prevented a pre-emptive Israeli attack on gathering Arab armies,〔http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB98/octwar-10.pdf〕 President Nixon ordered the commencement of Operation Nickel Grass, an American airlift to replace all of Israel's material losses.〔October 9, 1973, conversation (6:10–6:35 pm) between Israeli Ambassador to the United States Simcha Dinitz, Henry Kissinger, Brent Scowcroft, and Peter Rodman. (Transcript ) George Washington University National Security Archive.〕 Anecdotal evidence suggests that Kissinger told Sadat that the reason for the U.S. airlift was that the Israelis were close to "going nuclear".〔Farr, Warner D. "(The Third Temple's Holy of Holies: Israel's Nuclear Weapons )". Counterproliferation Paper No. 2, USAF Counterproliferation Center, Air War College, September 1999.〕 The Jericho I is now considered obsolete and was taken out of service during the 1990s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jericho (missile)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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